AMPHIOTERICIN

Brand Names : Amphotericin B: Anfotericina B; Amphozone; Fungizone: Fungilin; Ampho-Moronal.

Amphotericin is a polyene antifungal antibiotic produced by Streptomycetes nodosus M4575 obtained from soil of Orinoco river region of Venezuela. The antibiotic material was a mixture of two compounds, Amphotericins A and B. The B compound is more active and used for its broad-spectrum activity against a number of deep-seated and systemic infections caused by yeast-like fungi.

The compound is an amphoteric substance which occurs as a yellow to orange odourless powder. It decomposes gradually above 170°. It is practically insoluble in water, alcohol and in ether; slightly soluble in dimethylformamide and methyl alcohol; soluble in dimethylsulphoxide and propylene glycol. Solids and solutions appear stable for long periods between pH 4 and 10 when stored at moderate temperatures out of contact with light and air, Amphotericin is precipitated from solution of sodium chloride. It is stored at 2° to 8° in airtight containers and protected from light. Under these conditions, it does not significantly deteriorate or lose potency for at least 1 year.

Amphotericin is very poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract, and therefore, it is preferred to administer as intravenous infusion. The aqueous solutions should be used within 24 hours before deterioration.

Uses

1.   Amphotericin is used to treat severe systemic mycotic infections.
2.   It has been given for the treatment of American mucocutaneous and cutaneous leishmaniasis and to cure cryptococcal meningitis.

3.   Solutions of amphotericin irritate the venous endothelium and may cause pain at the site of injection. 

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