COCAINE

COCAINE

Brand Names: Benzoylmethylecgonine; Ecgonine methyl ester benzoate..

Cocaine is an alkaloid isolated from the leaves of Erythroxylon coca and other species of Erythroxylon (Family: Erythroxylaceae). The leaves contain about 1 per cent of total - alkaloids. The total alkaloids are separated from the powdered leaves by treatment with alkali followed by extraction with benzene. The alkaloids are obtained as sulphates or hydrochlorides by extracting the benzene layer with dilute acid. Pure cocaine is obtained by fractional crystallization of the total alkaloidal salt.

Cocaine is manufactured by convertingecgonine, obtained by inydrolysis of other coca alkaloids such as cinnamylcocaine. The methyl ester is transformed into benzoyl derivative by the action of benzoyl chloride.

Test for cocaine : Cocaine is warmed with concentrated sulphuric acid and then diluted with water. It gives a pleasant odour of methyl benzoate, and on standing a crystalline precipitate of benzoic acid.
Cocaine, m.p. 96-989, is a colourless crystalline powder. It is slightly volatile above 90°, but the sublimate is not crystalline. It is practically insoluble or very slightly soluble in water; soluble in alcohol, chloroform, ether and arachis oil.
Cocaine hydrochloride, m.p. 197°, is a colourless, odourless hygroscopic crystalline powder which is soluble in water, alcohol, chloroform and glycerol; practically insoluble in ether and fixed oils. It is stored in well-closed containers and protected from moisture and light.

Aqueous solutions containing cocaine hydrochloride (5%) and phenol (0.5%) remained clear and colourless for a year at O to 49, room temperature and 37.






Uses :


Cocaine is topical anaesthetic (narcotic). Side effects of cocaine are similar to those of lignocaine. Systemic absorption of small doses may slow the heart. Topical application of cocaine to the cornea can cause corneal damage. Cocaine is abused for its stimulant effects on the central nervous system. It may give rise to psychotic states and hallucinations, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, weight loss, fatigue, rapid pulse, fever and rapid, shallow respiration.




Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

PROPANDID

PROPANDID Brand Names : Bayer-1420; FBA-1420; TH-2 180; WH-5668. Propanidid, b.p. 210-212°, is a pale greenish-yellow viscous liquid with a slight odour. It is very slightly soluble in water; miscible with alcohol, chloroform and  ether. Propanidid has been used as an  intravenous anaesthetic for rapid induction and for maintenance of anaesthesia of short duration
Read more

Vitamin A2

Vitamin A2 Vitamin A2, ( Brand Names : Retinol 2; 3,4-Didehydroretino Dehydroretinol); all trans, m.p. 17-19; 13-cis, m.p. 73-74°. is found in marine fishes of the family Labridae and in turtles. It exhibits chemical, physical and biological properties identical to vitamin A Vitamin A2 has about 40 per cent of the bioactivity of crystalline vitamin A
Read more

HOMATROPINE

HOMATROPINE Brand Names : Mandelyltropeine, Tropine mandelate. Homatropine is a synthetic alkaloid which is a lower homologue of atropine. It is prepared by the interaction of tropine and mandelic acid. Homatropine, m.p. 99-100°, occurs as colourless, odourless crystals or a white crystalline powder. It is hygroscopic, but only slightly soluble in water; soluble in alcohol, benzene, chloroform, ether, acetone and dilute acids. The hydrobromide or hydrochloride is obained readily from the free base by neutralizing with hydrobromic or hydrochkoric acid. The hydrobromide occurs as colourless, odourless crystals or a white crystalline powder. It is soluble in water and alcohol; slightly soluble in chloroform; very slightly soluble in ether; stored in airtight containers and protected from light. Homatropine methylbromide, m.p. 210-212°, is the tropine methylbromide ester of mandelic acid. It is prepared by treating homatropine with methyl bromide, thus yielding the ...
Read more