DIGITOXIN

DIGITOXIN

Brand Names : Digitalin; Crystalline; Digitophyllin; Asthenthilo Cardigin; Carditoxin; Cristapurat; Crystodigin; Digilong Digimerck; Digimed; Ditaven; Digisidin; Lanatoxin; MonoGlycocard: Myodigin; Purodigin; Purpurid; Tardigal; Unidigin

Digitoxin is a cardiotonic glycoside obtained from Digitalis purpurea, D. lanata and other suitable species of Digitalis (Fam. Scrophulariaceae). It is extracted from the dried leaves with 50 per cent alcohol. Ten kilo leaves yield  about 6 grams pure digitoxin. Acid hydrolysis of digitoxin yields one mole of digitoxigenin and 3 moles of digitoxose. The sugar residue is attached to the hydroxyl group at C-3 of the aglycone

Digitoxin, m.p. 256-257, is a white or pale buff-coloured odourless, microcrystalline powder. It is practically insoluble water: soluble in alcohol and chloroform; slightly soluble methyl alcohol and ether; freely soluble in a mixture of equl volumes of chloroform and methanol. It is kept in airtight containers at a temperature not exceeding 159 and protected from light.


Digitoxin is absorbed rapidly and nearly completely when given by mouth. It is 1,000 times as active as digitalis leaf. It is the most potent of the digitalis glycoside and is the most cumulative in action. The onset of its action is slower than that of the other cardiac glycosides. Its effects may be evident in about 2 hours after oral administration.


Uses : Digitoxin is a cardiotonic that increases the tone of cardiac muscle and thus causes the heart to empty more effectively. Usual initial dose for rapid digitalization is 800 ug, followed by 200 ug at 6 to 8 hour intervals for 2 to 3 doses.

Adverse Effect

Adverse effects of digitoxin and other cardiac glycosides include nausea, vomiting, anorexia, diarrhoea and abdominal pain. Certain neurological effects are also common symptoms of digitoxin overdosage.



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