PHENOBARBITONE

PHENOBARBITONE




Brand Names : Phenylethylmanonylurea; Gardenal; Barbenyl; Barbiphenyl; Luminal; Phenobarbital; Dormiral; Euneryl; Neurobarb; Barbipil; Lubrokal; Lubergal; Phenyral; Cratecil, Nunol: Phenonyl; Phenobal: Noptil: Agrypnal; Eskabarb: Etifen; Gardepanyl; Somonal





Phenobarbitone is prepared by reacting ethyl phenyl acetate with ethyl é \ε/ oxalate in the presence of sodium (Claisen condensation) to form ethyl -oxalophenyl acetate, a ketonic ester which decomposes when distilled, with loss of carbon monoxide and formation of ethyl phenylmalonate. The ethyl group is introduced by means of sodium ethoxide and ethyl bromide to form ethyl ethylphenylmalonate which is then reacted with urea to yield phenobarbitone.

Phenobarbitone occurs as colourless crystalline powder, m.p. 174-1789; soluble in water (1 in 1000), alcohol (1 in 10); sparingly soluble in chloroform soluble in aqueous solutions of alkali carbonates and hydroxides and ammonia.

Phenobarbitone Sodium (Brand Names : Sol phenobarbital; Sol phenobarbitone; Luminal sodium, Gardenal sodium) is a white, bitter, hygroscopic crystalline powder. One gram dissolves in about 1 ml water, about 10 ml alcohol; insoluble in ether. Aqueous solutions are alkaline to litmus and phenolphthalein and are unstable. It is stored in airtight containers.

Uses : Phenobarbitone is anticonvulsant and hypnotic used as a antiepileptic agent to control tonicclonic and partial seizures.

Adverse Effect



Adverse effects of barbiturates include respiratory depression, sedation, and occasional allergic reactions. Nystagmus and ataxia may occur with excessive doses as well as prolonged coma and cardiovascular depression. Abuse may lead to habituation or addiction. Purpura, exfoliative dermititis, erythema multiforme and necrolysis have also been reported.




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