PROGESTERONE

PROGESTERONE


Brand Names : Corpus luteum hormone; Luteohormone; Corlutina; Gestone; Lutidon; Progekan: Corlutin; Corluvite; Fologenon; Gestormone; Hormolluton; Hormoflaveine; Lucorteum sol; Luteol; Luteovis; Lutex; Lutocyclin M; Lutoform; Lutogyl (Inj): Gestron: Prolidon (Inj); Percutacrine Luteinique: Primolut: Syngesterone; Flavolutan; Lipo-Lutin; Luteogan; Lutocylin; Luteodyn; Luteosan; Lutren; Lutromone; Nolutron; Progestin; Progesterol; Progestone; Prolutone; Cyclogest; Progestasert.


Progesterone is the natural progestational hormone concerned with the preparation for and maintenance of pregnancy. It is found in the pregnancy urine of woman, cows, mares and monkeys. It can be synthesized from many different starting materials such as ergosterol, cholesterol, saponins and stigmasterol. It is an active principle of the corpus luteum, secreted during the latter half of the menstrual cycle. If pregnancy ensues, secretion continues. It exerts an antiovulatory effect when administered during days 5 to 25 of the normal menstrual cycle.
The shortest commercial preparative route is from stigmasterol which is obtained from soybean oil. The stigmasterol is Oxidized by Oppenauer oxidation to the corresponding ketone, with rearrangement of the cyclic double bond. Selective ozonolysis of the side-chain double bond forms a ketoaldehyde, which is converted to an enamine dichromate Oxidation of which furnishes progesterone.

Progesterone exists in two crystalline forms of equal physiologic activity and which are readily interconverted. The α form, m.p. 127-131°, and ß-form, m.p. 121°. are orthorhombic.
Progesterone occurs as a white, crystalline powder that is − colourless and stable in air. It is insoluble in water, Soluble in alocohol and acetone and sparingly soluble in vegetable oils. Progesterone is sensitive to alkalies and to light. It should be stored in tight, light resistant containers. It is excreted chiefly as the reduction product pregnandiol. It is administered intramuscularly in order to obtain the maximum effect.

Uses: Progesterone suppreses uterine motility, acts to prepare the uterus to receive the fertilized ovum and is responsible for  the development of breasts. It is used in many menstrual disorders and irregularities such as dysmenorrhoea, dysfunctional uterine bleeding, in the treatment of endometriosis and for the management of the post and premenstrual syndrome.

Side Effect


The side effects of progesterone may include gastro-intestinal disturbances, acne, fluid retention or oedema, weight gain, allergic skin rashes, mental depression, breast changes and altered menstrual cycles.




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