THYROXINE AND ANTI-THYROIDS

THYROXINE AND ANTI-THYROIDS

Thyroid gland removes inorganic iodides from the blood plasma and produces two active hormones called thyroxine and triiodothyronine (liothyronine). Their production is dependent on the adequate supply of iodine from the blood plasma to the gland. These hormones are the amino acids and stored as thyroglobulin in the follicular colloid. Deficiency of thyroid hormones, called hypothyroidism or myxo-edema, reduces all the metabolic processes of the body and affects growth, development and mental retardation. Excessive secretion of thyroid hormones produces hyperthyroidism (thyrotoxicosis or Grave's disease) characterized by increased metabolic rate, increase in heart rate and general state of anxiety and restlessness.

Anti-thyroid drugs reduce the production of thyroxine and tri-iodothyronine.YThey are used to treat thyrotoxicosis and given prior to surgical removal of thyroid gland. The most useful drugs are 2-thiouracil derivatives and 2-thioimidazole derivatives. Propylthiouracil, methimazole and carbimazole are the useful antithyroid drugs.



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