VITAMINS

VITAMINS

Vitamins are organic compounds required by the body in small amounts for normal growth various metabolic processes and maintenance of life in animals, including man. They do not provide energy and are not utitized as building units of the body. As metabolic regulators, vitamins act as redox agents, e.g., vitamins A.C.E.K. and niacin; they act as coenzymes or enzyme activators, e.g., vitamins B, B, B, B, and D; they also act as nuclear agents, e.g., biotin, folic acid. Some vitamins combine two or more of these activities. Vitamins are not synthesized in the body, or are synthesized in small quantities. When the natural supply of vitamins is lacking due to inadequate diet and increased requirements such as during pregnancy, then a number of deficiency diseases occur. Thus, vitamins are used clinically for the prevention and treatment of specific vitamin deficiency states. Excessive intakes of most water-soluble vitamins have little effect due to their rapid excretion in urine, but excessive intakes of fat-soluble vitamins accumulate in the body and are potentially dangerous.
Vitamins are obtained from a number of sources, both plant and animals. They are usually isolated, concentrated, and purified for use as drugs. Many vitamins are now synthesized. Some animals and birds can synthesize some of the vitamins and provitamins, such as vitamin C and 7-dehydrocholesterol

Vitamins are classified according to their solubility in water and fats, e.g.

1.     Water-soluble vitamins-B, B, B, B, C, nicotinic acid, folic acid, pentothenic acid, biotin, inositol and paminobenzoic acid, and .
2.      Fat-soluble vitamins- A, D, E and K.



WATER SOLU BILE VITAMINIS
Water-soluble vitamins are essential constituents of enzyme systems, and are present in plant and animal cells where active metabolic processes are taking place. Many of these vitamins cannot be stored in the body and must therefore be regularly supplied in some form; vitamin B is an exception.

Vitamin B Complex


Vitamin B complex is found abundantly in yeast, cereal seed embryos, eggs, meat and milk. The structures of at least 12 recognized compounds are present in "B complex".



Comments

Post a Comment

Popular posts from this blog

PROPANDID

PROPANDID Brand Names : Bayer-1420; FBA-1420; TH-2 180; WH-5668. Propanidid, b.p. 210-212°, is a pale greenish-yellow viscous liquid with a slight odour. It is very slightly soluble in water; miscible with alcohol, chloroform and  ether. Propanidid has been used as an  intravenous anaesthetic for rapid induction and for maintenance of anaesthesia of short duration
Read more

Vitamin A2

Vitamin A2 Vitamin A2, ( Brand Names : Retinol 2; 3,4-Didehydroretino Dehydroretinol); all trans, m.p. 17-19; 13-cis, m.p. 73-74°. is found in marine fishes of the family Labridae and in turtles. It exhibits chemical, physical and biological properties identical to vitamin A Vitamin A2 has about 40 per cent of the bioactivity of crystalline vitamin A
Read more

RESERPINE

RESERPINE Brand Names : Alserin; Austrapine; Crystoserpine; Eskaserp; Hiserpia; Orticalm; Quiescin; Rau-red; Reserpex; Reserpoid; Rivasin; Roxinoid; Sandril; Sedaraupin; Serfin; Serolfia; Serpanray; Serpasil; Serpasol; Serpate; Serpen; Serpine; Serpiloid. Reserpine is an alkaloid obtained from the roots of certain species of Rauuolfia (Apocynaceae) mainly Rauuvolfia serpentina and R. vomitoria, or by synthesis. It occurs as odourless, small, white or pale buff to slightly yellow coloured crystals or crystalline powder, m. p. 264-265° (decomp). It is very sparingly soluble in water; freely soluble in chloroform, methylene chloride, glacial acetic acid; soluble in benzene and ethylacetate; slightly soluble ܗܘ in acetone, methanol, alcohol, ether and in aqueous solutions of acetic and citric acids. Upon standing most solutions acquire a yellow colour and pronounced fluorescence, especially after the addition of acid or upon exposure to light. It is stored in airtight containers...
Read more