GENTAMYCIN

GENTAMYCIN

Brand Name : Gentamicin.



Gentamicin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic complex produced commercially by fermentation of Micromonospor purpurea or M. echinospora and variants thereof (Weinstein and co-workers, 1963). 


It consists of three closely related components, gentamicins C1, C2, C1a, and also gentamicin A which differs from the other members of the complex but is similar to kanamycin C. Structures of these antibiotics contain 2-desoxystreptamine linked to two saccharide units, these being garosamine and a purpurosamine in the C series gentamicins. Studies on structures were carried out by Cooper metal. (1971) and Maehr and Schaffner (1967). Some Commercial samples may contain significant quantities of the major components gentamicin C. and gentamicin C. It contains when dried not less than 590 units of gentamicin per mg. It has a broad spectrum of activity particularly against gram-negative organisms.

It occurs as white powder, mp. 102-108°, freely soluble in water, soluble in pyridine, dimethylsulphoxide, in acidic media with salt formation; moderately soluble in methanol, ethanol and acetone; practically insoluble in benzene, and halogenated hydrocarbons.

The melting points of 1ndividual gentamicins are as: gentamicin C. m.p. 94-100o, gentamicin C. m.p. 107-124°. Detailed chromatographic studies indicate that gentamicin contains no less than sixteen compounds. Gentamicin forms salts with minerals and strong organic acids, the sulphate being generally used clinically.








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