HYPNOTICS

HYPNOTICS




Insomnia (sleeplossness) is produced by various factors such as emotional trauna, fear, apprehension, anguish or certain diseases. Hypnotics are the central nervous system depressants which produce sleep to reduce restlessness and emotional tension) A sedative is a drug that reduces excitement without producing sleep. Hynotics and sedatives both induce depression of these central nervous system, the difference being mainly quantitative. The patient can not be easily awakened until the effect of the hypnotic reduces.




The action of hypnotics and sedatives varies with the dosage. When hypnotics are used in large amounts, they produce anaesthetic state and even death in some case. Hypnotics are generally used in insomnia, anxiety and restlessness.




The hypnotic drugs include urea derivatives - diureides (barbiturates) and related ureides (glutethimide), benzodiazepines, alcohols (chloral hydrate), aldehydes (paraldehyde), acetylated carbinols (ethinamate), miscellaneous (meprobamate, methaqualone and scopolamine) and inorganic ions.



Drugs like morphine and pethidine possess analgesic and hypnotic properties







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