PROCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE

PROCAINE HYDROCHLORIDE



Brand Names : Novocain; Ethocaine; Neocaine; Syncaine; Scurocaine; Allocaine; Anesthesol; Anestil; Cetain; IsocaineAsid; Isocaine-Heisler, Atoxicocaine; Naucaine; Bernacaine; Irocaine; Juvocaine; Jenacain; Kerocaine; Paracain; Planocaine; Aminocaine; Eugerase; Sevicaine; Topocaine; Westocaine.



Procaine is an important non-irritant local anaesthetic. 


It is a diethylamino analogue of benzocaine. It is prepared by heating the 2-chloroethyl ester of 4aminobenzoic acid with diethylamine Goochcha N (C2H5)2 under pressure, by esterifying 4- an aminobenzoic acid with 2- l hydroxytriethylamine in the presence of concentrated sulphuric acid, or by heating sodium 4-aminobenzoate with 2chlorotriethylamine at 120-130*

Another method of preparation of procaine is by interacting 2-diethylaminoethanol with p-nitrobenzoyl chloride, followed by reduction of the 2-diethylaminoethyl p-nitrobenzoate.

Procaine, m.p. 61°, is hygroscopic and occurs as plates. It is highly soluble in water; soluble in alcohol, ether, benzene and chloroform.


Procaine is used as its monohydrochloride which is a white, odourless, crystalline powder, m.p. 153-1569, benumbing taste, stable in air. It is soluble in water and alcohol; slightly soluble in chloroform and acetone; practically insoluble in ether. Procaine is much stable at pH 3.6. It is protected from light.
At a storage temperature of 69 the shelf-life of the solution is 5 weeks and it is 9 weeks at -10°. The procaine molecule is oxidized at the aromatic amine portion. This type of breakdown can be controlled by nitrogen flushing of the solution and by addition of an antioxidant.


Uses: Procaine is used as local anaesthetic. It is widely used in dentistry and for the production of spinal anaesthesia. The hydrochloride is usually given subcutaneously with adrenaline; the function of the adrenaline is to localize and so prolong the effect of the procaine by virtue of its peripheral vasoconstrictor action.


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