QUININE SULPHATE

QUININE SULPHATE

Brand Names : Quininium sulphate; Basic Quinine sulphate; Chinnini sulphas; Chininum sulphuricum; Quinini sulphas.

Quinine sulphate is prepared from the crude bark by alkalinizing the powdered cinchona and extracting with a hot, high-boiling petroleum ether to remove the alkaloids. Careful addition of dilute sulphuric acid to the extract forms sulphates. The quinine sulphate crystallizes first. The crude alkaloidal sulphate is decolourized and recrystallized to get commercial form. Commercial quinine contains 2-3% of hydroquinine and cinchonidine as impurities. Pure quinine sulphate is obtained by neutralizing quinine with dilute sulphuric acid and crystallizing the resulting sulphate from hot water which contains 8 moles of water, but it loses one mole very rapidly even at 20°. On exposure to air at ordinary temperature it gradually loses 5 more moles of Water.
Quinine sulphate occurs as colourless or white, odourless, fine acicular crystals or crystalline powder, darkening on exposure to light. It is slightly soluble in water, alcohol, chloroform; practically insoluble in ether. It is stored in airtight containers and protected from light.


Uses :

Quinine is an antimalarial drug rapidly acting blood schizontocide with activity against Plasmodium falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale and P. malariae. It is used orally for the treatment of uncomplicated attacks of falciparum malaria due to chloroquineresistant strains and for severe or complicated malaria.


Adverse Effect
Quinine possesses many toxic side effects. When it is used for a long time, its side effects are ringing in the ear, headache, nausea, disturbance of vision, tinnitus in addition to vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, vertigo, fever, pruritus and rashes. In common these symptoms are known as cinchonism.




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